The Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera (SVA), or the Customs Surveillance Service, is an operational body that is part of the Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT). The SVA has responsibilities in combating smuggling, tax fraud, money laundering, drug trafficking, and economic crimes. Agents carry out their duties on land and at sea, making this body one of the most versatile in Public Administration.
The Cuerpo Ejecutivo, or Executive Corps, is classified in Subgroup A2 and consists of four specialties: Investigación (Investigation), Navegación (Navigation), Propulsión (Propulsion), and Comunicaciones (Communications).
Oposiciones 2025: Vacancies, Application Process, and Selection
Vacancies Offered
In the public offering for 2025, the following positions are open:
Total vacancies for free access: 136
- Investigación: 20 vacancies
- Navegación: 47 vacancies
- Propulsión: 52 vacancies
- Comunicaciones: 17 vacancies
Total vacancies for internal promotion: 150
Estética y Funcionalidad en Paneles de Madera
- Investigación: 30 vacancies
- Navegación: 60 vacancies
- Propulsión: 60 vacancies
- Comunicaciones: No vacancies offered in internal promotion
General total: 286 vacancies
Timeline and Application
The official announcement was published via Resolución de 20 de diciembre de 2024 by the Presidency of the AEAT. The official announcement can be found in the Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) of December 30, 2024. The deadline to register for the selection process is 20 business days from the day following the publication. The application is made electronically. The process is executed through two systems: Oposición (Opposition) for free access and Concurso-Oposición (Competition-Opposition) for internal promotion. A selective course phase is included after the opposition phase.
Selection Process
Fase de oposición (Opposition Phase)
- Consists of three eliminatory exercises.
- It is necessary to pass this phase to access the selective course.
Curso selectivo (Selective Course)
- Its purpose is to prepare candidates for the exercise of the functions of the Executive Corps.
- Minimum passing grade: 25 points out of 50, and passing all subjects.
- Failing the course means losing the right to appointment as a career official.
- The final grade adds the score obtained in the opposition and selective course.
Titulación Requirements for Access
The required qualifications vary depending on the specialty to which one aspires:
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Especialidad Investigación (Investigation):
- Diplomado universitario (University Diploma).
- Arquitecto técnico (Technical Architect).
- Ingeniero técnico (Technical Engineer).
- Titulación de grado correspondiente (Corresponding Degree).
- Having passed three complete years of a Bachelor's Degree is considered equivalent to a diploma (Real Decreto 1272/2003).
Especialidad Navegación (Navigation):
- Diplomado en Navegación Marítima (Diploma in Maritime Navigation).
- Grado en Ingeniería Náutica y Transporte Marítimo (Degree in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport).
- Grado en Náutica y Transporte Marítimo (Degree in Nautical Engineering and Maritime Transport).
Especialidad Propulsión (Propulsion):
- Diplomado en Máquinas Navales (Diploma in Naval Machinery).
- Grado en Ingeniería Marina (Degree in Marine Engineering).
- Grado en Tecnologías Marinas (Degree in Marine Technologies).
Especialidad Comunicaciones (Communications):
- Diplomado or Ingeniero Técnico Industrial (Diploma or Technical Industrial Engineer).
- Diplomado or Ingeniero Técnico de Telecomunicaciones (Diploma or Telecommunications Technical Engineer).
- Diplomado en Radioelectrónica Naval (Diploma in Naval Radioelectronics).
- Grado en Ingeniería Técnica Industrial (Degree in Technical Industrial Engineering).
- Grado en Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones (Degree in Telecommunications Engineering).
- Grado en Radioelectrónica Naval (Degree in Naval Radioelectronics).
Detailed Syllabus by Specialties
The official program for the exam is composed of topics grouped into common and specific knowledge blocks.
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Common Blocks (for all specialties)
9 topics on:
- Derecho Constitucional (Constitutional Law).
- Derecho de la Unión Europea (European Union Law).
- Organización del Estado y de la Administración General del Estado (Organization of the State and the General State Administration).
Especialidad Investigación (Investigation)
- 20 topics of Derecho Civil y Mercantil (Civil and Commercial Law).
- 11 topics of Derecho Administrativo (Administrative Law).
- 21 topics of Derecho Financiero y Tributario, Legislación Aduanera, Impuestos Especiales e Impuestos Medioambientales (Financial and Tax Law, Customs Legislation, Special Taxes, and Environmental Taxes).
- 2 topics of Contabilidad Financiera y Sociedades (Financial Accounting and Companies).
- 23 topics of Derecho Penal, Contrabando y Derecho Procesal (Criminal Law, Smuggling, and Procedural Law).
Specialties: Navegación, Propulsión, and Comunicaciones
- 11 topics of Derecho Financiero y Tributario, Legislación Aduanera, Impuestos Especiales e Impuestos Medioambientales (Financial and Tax Law, Customs Legislation, Special Taxes, and Environmental Taxes).
- 20 topics of Derecho Marítimo y Derecho Administrativo (Maritime Law and Administrative Law).
- 17 topics of Derecho Penal, Contrabando y Derecho Procesal (Criminal Law, Smuggling, and Procedural Law).
Technical Topics by Specialty
Navegación (Navigation):
- 10 topics of Tecnología Marítima (Maritime Technology).
- 16 topics of Seguridad Marítima (Maritime Safety).
Propulsión (Propulsion):
- 10 topics of Tecnología Mecánica (Mechanical Technology).
- 16 topics of Seguridad y Materiales (Safety and Materials).
Comunicaciones (Communications):
- 10 topics of Tecnología de Comunicaciones (Communications Technology).
- 16 topics of Seguridad de las Comunicaciones (Communications Security).
Condiciones Laborales: Salary and Working Conditions
A civil servant of Subgroup A2 in the Executive Corps of the SVA receives approximately a base monthly salary of 2,000 euros. In addition, they receive two extra payments (June and December). Agents work under conditions that are often considered "risky professions" due to the dangerous nature of their duties (combating drug trafficking, smuggling, etc.). The SVA has recognition for a risky profession, and the situation is in the process of negotiation and claim before authorities.
Panel o Mesa de Movilidad y Provisionamiento: Mobility and Internal Assignment
The SVA maintains panels or negotiation tables for the provision of positions and internal assignment or mobility. Examples: Panel CASVA 2025P04 and Panel CESVA 2025P06. These tables manage provisional and definitive allocation of destinations, conciliation of places, resignations, and mobilities. Appointments and mobility by panel are regularly regulated and updated. Lists, resolutions, and agreements are published, with the participation of unions. The Human Resources Department of the AEAT manages these panels and processes. A panel for the provision of horizontal career jobs for officials of the Executive Corps of the SVA, with code 2022P07, has been convened. This panel allows functional and geographical mobility within the body, facilitating the relocation of officials.
Health and Working Conditions
There are reports and claims related to occupational health, especially concerns about exposure to risks on boats and the presence of asbestos. Mandatory medical examinations are promoted for staff, with questions about the proper management of excess working hours. The group demands greater attention to conditions, especially in maritime bases such as Las Palmas. Unions such as SIAT actively participate in demanding improvements and rights for SVA personnel.
Academia and Preparation for Oposiciones
Preparation for access to the Executive Corps of SVA is demanding, with a broad syllabus and medium-high difficulty. An estimated recommended preparation time is between 18 and 24 months. The most recognized academies offer updated and specific material for the specialties, teachers with accredited experience, methodologies based on continuous evaluation, resolution of doubts and mock exams, transparency in registration (without registration or annual fees), and spacious and comfortable classrooms.
Applicants are advised to take care of important aspects for efficient preparation, such as medical check-ups (eyesight), adequate light in the study space, a comfortable chair, food and vitamins, sufficient rest and restful sleep, and regular physical activity to optimize concentration.
Reclamaciones, Recursos y Apoyo Jurídico: Claims and Legal Support
During the selection process (opposition phase and selective course), it is possible to present claims or administrative appeals. It is recommended to have a lawyer specializing in Administrative Law for cases of exclusion, qualifications, or irregular procedures. Some groups and platforms offer free legal advice or payment conditioned on approval.
Comparativa y Elección de Oposiciones: Comparison and Choice of Oposiciones
Before deciding to apply for the Executive Corps of the SVA, it is advisable to make a comparison of oposiciones between several bodies of the Administration. There are specific comparisons for the Ministry of Finance, subgroups, and specialties, which help to choose the selection process that best suits the training, interests, and personal circumstances. If the opponent starts and feels demotivated or not adapted, it is advisable to stop and consider changing to a different body or specialty.
Organización Sindical y Mesa de Negociación: Union Organization and Negotiation Table
The Sindicato de Inspectores y Agentes Tributarios (SIAT) actively participates in the negotiation of conditions and is responsible for collecting claims from staff. Union representatives negotiate aspects such as schedules, medical examinations, occupational health, and special conditions for SVA personnel. Transparency and the defense of the group in administrative and judicial areas are promoted.
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